![]() However, under other circumstances, both a ping-pong ball and a tennis ball may bounce well as rigid bodies. For example, a ping-pong ball made of plastic is brittle, and a tennis ball made of rubber is elastic when acted upon by squashing forces. The extent to which an object can be perceived as rigid depends on the physical properties of the material from which it is made. It is very useful when analyzing mechanical systems-and many physical objects are indeed rigid to a great extent. Describe the types of elastic deformation of objects and materialsĪ model of a rigid body is an idealized example of an object that does not deform under the actions of external forces.Explain the concepts of stress and strain in describing elastic deformations of materials.These counts are probably underestimates, given the challenges of screening for homelessness in the ED.By the end of this section, you will be able to: In 2021, about 387,000 ED visits (3% of total visits) were by people who were identified as homeless some hospital EDs report that people experiencing homelessness account for more than 20% of ED visits. Emergency departments are front-line providers for people experiencing homelessness.But ED visits remain well below pre-pandemic levels. About 9 million visits were made to California’s hospital emergency departments in 2021-a 9% increase from 2020.Federal law requires emergency departments to provide necessary treatment to all patients who seek care. ![]() In 2021, 325 hospital emergency departments in California provided 24-hour access to health services.Health clinics are typically paid per visit, so the decline in visits during the pandemic had a negative financial impact.Įmergency departments are “the safety net of the safety net.” Primary care clinics rely heavily on Medi-Cal-about 70% of their net revenue comes from the program.Only 10% are covered by private insurance. The majority of clinic patients are Latino, about 30% are children, and more than 10% are seasonal farmworkers.About 1,200 state-licensed health clinics reported 25 million primary care visits in 2021, an increase of about 2.3 million visits from the previous year.Primary care clinics also play a critical role. In 2021, Medi-Cal patients accounted for nearly 60% of hospitalizations at county hospitals and nearly half (47%) at other hospitals that receive supplemental funding-compared to about one-third at all other hospitals.County hospital systems also typically receive funding from county sources. All county hospitals-and other hospitals that serve high shares of uninsured and Medi-Cal patients-receive supplemental funding to help cover costs because Medi-Cal pays hospitals less than Medicare and private insurance.In addition to providing care, these hospitals help train physicians and operate high-level trauma centers. Twelve large counties-home to about 60% of California’s population-operate county hospital systems.Nearly seven in ten (68%) are Latino, about 38% are noncitizens, and 80% have low or moderate incomes (below 400% of the federal poverty line).Ĭounty hospitals are essential safety net providers. About 3 million Californians reported being uninsured in spring 2022.The redetermination process resumed in April 2023, and national projections suggest more than 400,000 people could lose Medi-Cal coverage and become uninsured. During the pandemic, Medi-Cal enrollment increased by about 9 million, largely due to a federal requirement that paused annual eligibility reviews. California’s uninsured rate has declined dramatically over the past decade, as Medi-Cal coverage expanded under the Affordable Care Act (ACA).Core safety net providers-including county hospitals, health clinics, and emergency departments (EDs)-are located throughout the state and treat patients regardless of their ability to pay or their immigration status.Ĭalifornia’s health care safety net has expanded dramatically-but millions remain uninsured.Additional state and county programs offer limited access to health care for people not eligible for public insurance programs and those with specific health conditions.Other funding sources include counties, patient fees, and other limited public programs. This state-federal program provided health coverage for 15.5 million low-income Californians in March 2023 and serves as the primary funding source for safety net providers. Medi-Cal-California’s Medicaid program-is the cornerstone of the state’s health care safety net.The health care safety net is a patchwork of programs and providers that deliver coverage and care to people with low incomes, no private insurance, and/or special medical needs.Millions of Californians rely on the health care safety net.
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